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Constipation
Constipation can occur in both cats and dogs, particularly as they get older. Constipation
occurs when defecation becomes difficult or is absent. When feces stays in the intestines longer than is necessary, too much moisture is absorbed from the stools, causing them to become dry and hard.
This makes the stools difficult to expel. As a result, your dog or cat will strain to defecate and may not have a bowel movement for several days. If this condition goes untreated, the lower bowels may
eventually become severely and irreversibly stretched, causing them to lose their ability to expel feces. This condition is known as "megacolon.
Causes
There are several possible reasons for constipation. Diet appears to play a significant role. For
example, when a cat or dog swallows foreign materials such as hair, bones, garbage, cloth or rocks, it can lead to constipation. Prolonged lack of exercise, a change in surroundings, or a change in daily
routine (i.e. stress) can lead to constipation problems as well. In these cases, pets may become reluctant to relieve themselves and become constipated. Some medical problems such as infected anal glands
or a fractured hip can cause painful defecation and result in constipation. Some pets may have an intestinal obstruction or a nerve or muscle disorder.
Certain drugs can also cause constipation. Drugs such as antihistamines and motility modifiers (e.g. Immodium) can cause the intestines to slow down, resulting in constipation.
In fact, laxatives themselves can in some cases make matters worse.
Treatments
How can constipation be prevented? Regular grooming will prevent excessive hair ingestion and regular exercise will encourage bowel regularity. A newly formulated hairball prevention
diet that is commercially available dissolves hair ingested via daily grooming and is available through your veterinarian. Access to a frequently-cleaned litter box (in dogs, frequent opportunities to
defecate) is important. Lubricant laxatives can also be effective. These usually contain a combination of mineral oil and/or petrolatum along with a flavor base. They soften and lubricate feces and
thereby make it easier to expel. Nutritionally pets should avoid bones, have access to fresh water at all times, and be fed a high fiber diet. Your veterinarian can advise you which steps are best suited
for your pet.
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